在瑞典以家长身份就读Karolinska Institutet的经验访谈

在瑞典，怀孕期间由Mödravårdscentral（MVC）免费提供孕产保健，并可在一定范围内选择MVC及（视地区而定）产科医院。

🇪🇸: “Maternity care is provided for free by the Mödravårdscentral (MVC) during pregnancy. They guide you through the whole process. You can generally choose your MVC and, depending on the region, your maternity hospital. Both of them can inform you about breastfeeding and more. What surprised me was: You cannot take your baby to preschool (förskola), which is basically the kindergarten, until the age of 1. There generally isn’t a nursery/public daycare option before that.

孩子满1岁前一般不能进入förskola（幼儿园），此前通常没有托儿所/公立日托选项。

🇪🇸: “Maternity care is provided for free by the Mödravårdscentral (MVC) during pregnancy. They guide you through the whole process. You can generally choose your MVC and, depending on the region, your maternity hospital. Both of them can inform you about breastfeeding and more. What surprised me was: You cannot take your baby to preschool (förskola), which is basically the kindergarten, until the age of 1. There generally isn’t a nursery/public daycare option before that.

在子女出生后前15个月内，父母双方可同时休育儿假并领取育儿津贴，最多60天（double days）。

Therefore, a much appreciated concept is double days. Both parents can receive parental benefits while on leave at the same time for up to 60 days during the first 15 months. If you don’t have any relatives living close to help you out, that makes a huge difference! Now the magic number: the system grants each parent 240 days of parental leave per child. Most of them have to be consumed before the child turns 4 years.”

每个孩子每位家长可获得240天育儿假，大部分须在孩子满4岁前使用。

Therefore, a much appreciated concept is double days. Both parents can receive parental benefits while on leave at the same time for up to 60 days during the first 15 months. If you don’t have any relatives living close to help you out, that makes a huge difference! Now the magic number: the system grants each parent 240 days of parental leave per child. Most of them have to be consumed before the child turns 4 years.”

Försäkringskassan的育儿津贴一般为收入的约80%，共390天（设有上限），其余90天按每天SEK 180的固定标准支付。

🇪🇸: In her case parental allowance was a bit more complicated. She was working as a postdoc in Sweden on a scholarship. But she contacted the governmental agency Försäkringskassan and they helped her all the way through. Luckily, the years she had previously worked in the EU were taken into account for the decision on parental allowance. This means getting more than the basic rate of SEK 250/day. However, every case is different, so it’s worth checking what applies to your own situation. Generally, you get around 80% parental allowance of your income for 390 days up to a certain limit by Försäkringskassan, while the remaining 90 days are paid at a fixed rate of SEK 180 per day.

瑞典有儿童津贴（barnbidrag），由Försäkringskassan发放，一般对每个符合条件的孩子按相同标准金额发放、与收入无关，可领取至子女16岁。

🇨🇳: “Also, Sweden has child allowance (barnbidrag). It is a separate benefit by Försäkringskassan and is generally the same standard amount for every eligible child, regardless of income. You get this up to the 16th year of your children. There is more! Student parents can receive additional parental benefits from Centrala studiestödsnämnden (CSN) depending on their situation. It is a governmental student-financial-aid agency.”

学生家长可依自身情况向Centrala studiestödsnämnden（CSN）申请额外的育儿相关补助。

🇨🇳: “Also, Sweden has child allowance (barnbidrag). It is a separate benefit by Försäkringskassan and is generally the same standard amount for every eligible child, regardless of income. You get this up to the 16th year of your children. There is more! Student parents can receive additional parental benefits from Centrala studiestödsnämnden (CSN) depending on their situation. It is a governmental student-financial-aid agency.”

博士生通常有合同、被视为雇员，可能按工资获得高于基本标准的育儿津贴；即使从未工作过，也可能依情况获得每天SEK 250的基本育儿津贴。

🇪🇸: “For PhD students the situation is quite good as the have a contract and are therefore considered employees. This means they may qualify for parental allowance based on their salary, meaning more than basic by Försäkringskassan. Even if you have never worked before you might still be eligible for a basic parental benefit of SEK 250 per day, depending on your circumstances. However, if you are a student, contact CSN to see if you can get financial support.”

作为EU公民的子女可获得EU公民身份，从而立即拥有在瑞典居住的权利，无需单独的居留许可。

🇪🇸: As a EU-citizen her children acquired the EU citizenship and thus instantly have the right to live in Sweden. Therefore, my kids didn’t need a separate residence permit. Insurance/Healthcare for kids is generally free of charge or subsidised.

若子女取得中国国籍，则需要单独的居留许可；在瑞典登记后，儿童医疗一般免费。

🇨🇳: “If your children acquire the Chinese citizenship, they will need a separate residence permit. Once they are registered in Sweden, healthcare for children is generally for free. Looking for housing? That is a really hard task. (In general!) People either need to wait in queues or pay a lot of money. So the best way to go about this is: If you know you are going to come to Sweden, register already for queues so you don’t have to worry about that in the future. Look at Bostad Stockholm, Boplats Gothenburg, Boplatssyd Malmö and others! Big families need more space so I really really advise you to start early 🫶🏼”

瑞典租房通常需要排队等待或支付较高费用，建议确定来瑞典后尽早登记住房排队（如Bostad Stockholm、Boplats Gothenburg、Boplatssyd Malmö等）。

🇨🇳: “If your children acquire the Chinese citizenship, they will need a separate residence permit. Once they are registered in Sweden, healthcare for children is generally for free. Looking for housing? That is a really hard task. (In general!) People either need to wait in queues or pay a lot of money. So the best way to go about this is: If you know you are going to come to Sweden, register already for queues so you don’t have to worry about that in the future. Look at Bostad Stockholm, Boplats Gothenburg, Boplatssyd Malmö and others! Big families need more space so I really really advise you to start early 🫶🏼”

非EU学生签证等待时间可能很长，应提前规划。

🇨🇳: Her answer was clear: VISA! It is a huge factor for a sustainable and balanced family situation. This means: best preparing when you hear the good news! For a non-EU student, waiting times for visa can be terribly long, so make sure you plan ahead.

öppna förskolan是由市政安排、供家长带孩子相聚的活动场所。

🇪🇸: “öppna förskolan: A place where you can meet and spend time with other moms arranged by the municipality – life saving for your mental health when you are alone with your kid during the dark winter.”

建议联系CSN与Försäkringskassan获取信息，并尽早申请arbetslöshetskassa（失业保险基金）；若曾在其他EU国家工作，在需要离职时可能符合失业补助资格。

🇪🇸: “Get as much information as possible: Contact CSN and Försäkringskassan. Buy only second hand winter clothes, babies grow too fast! I got on WhatsApp groups for English speaking mums via Facebook which helped me navigate different situations! Apply for arbetslöshetskassa (Unemployment insurance fund) as soon as you come to Sweden. You may be eligible for unemployment benefits if you previously worked in another EU country in case you need to leave your job.”